Jewish Sects in the Biblical Period

1. Pharisees

• Frequently mentioned in the Gospels and Acts.
• Known for strict adherence to the Torah and oral traditions.
• Believed in resurrection, angels, and the coming Messiah.

2. Sadducees

• Priestly, aristocratic group controlling the Temple and Sanhedrin.
• Accepted only the Torah; denied resurrection and angels.
• Prominent in Gospels and Acts.

3. Essenes

• Not mentioned directly in the New Testament.
• Known from history (Josephus, Dead Sea Scrolls).
• Separatist, apocalyptic community centered at Qumran.

4. Herodians

• Political supporters of the Herodian dynasty.
• Mentioned in the Gospels as opponents of Jesus.

5. Zealots

• Revolutionary movement seeking to overthrow Rome.
• Includes sub‑group Sicarii.
• Historically attested; one apostle (Simon) called “the Zealot.”

6. Sicarii

• Extremist branch of the Zealots.
• Known for assassinations and the Masada revolt.

7. Nazarenes (Early Christians)

• Called a “sect” by opponents in Acts 24:5.

8. The Way

• Early name for the Christian movement; referred to as a sect in Acts 24:14.